Erythema nodosum - Eritema Nodoso
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Aparece como um nódulo eritematoso e doloroso na perna.
References
Erythema nodosum é o tipo mais comum de paniculite, caracterizada por nódulos vermelhos e dolorosos, encontrados principalmente na parte inferior das pernas. A sua causa exacta permanece desconhecida, mas parece resultar de uma resposta exagerada a vários factores desencadeantes. Embora sua origem seja muitas vezes incerta, é essencial descartar outras condições subjacentes antes de diagnosticar primary erythema nodosum. Pode indicar o aparecimento de doenças sistêmicas, como infecções, inflamações, câncer ou reações a medicamentos. Os gatilhos comuns incluem strep infections, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, certain medications, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis refere-se a um conjunto diversificado de condições inflamatórias que afetam o tecido adiposo sob a pele. Essas condições são incomuns em crianças. Panniculitis pode ser o principal problema em uma condição sistêmica ou uma reação secundária a fatores como infecção, lesão ou certos medicamentos. Independentemente da causa, a maioria dos tipos de panniculitis apresenta sintomas semelhantes, incluindo nódulos vermelhos e dolorosos sob a pele.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis , uma inflamação da camada de gordura sob a pele, é uma condição rara que geralmente aparece como nódulos ou manchas inchadas. Erythema nodosum (EN) é o tipo mais comum, geralmente desencadeado por vários fatores. Embora cerca de 55% dos casos não tenham uma causa clara, os gatilhos comuns incluem infecções, medicamentos, certas doenças como sarcoidose e doença inflamatória intestinal, gravidez e câncer. A EN geralmente aparece em adolescentes e adultos jovens, mais frequentemente em mulheres. Muitas vezes é precedida por uma sensação geral de doença que dura de uma a três semanas, com sintomas como febre e problemas respiratórios superiores. Em seguida, aparecem nódulos vermelhos, geralmente nas laterais externas dos braços e pernas, causando dor. A causa exata da EN não é totalmente compreendida, mas acredita-se que envolva complexos imunológicos em pequenos vasos sanguíneos da camada de gordura, levando à inflamação. Normalmente, uma biópsia mostra inflamação na camada de gordura sem danos aos vasos sanguíneos. Mesmo sem tratamento específico para a causa subjacente, a EN geralmente se resolve sozinha. Portanto, a maioria dos pacientes precisa apenas de cuidados de suporte para seus sintomas.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
O eritema nodoso é diagnosticado clinicamente. Uma biópsia pode ser feita e examinada microscopicamente para confirmar um diagnóstico incerto. Deve ser realizada radiografia de tórax para descartar doenças pulmonares, em especial sarcoidose e tuberculose.